The Theme of Escape in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie es

The Theme of Escape in The grump Menagerie In Tennessee Williams play, The chalk Menagerie, Amanda, Laura, and Tom live with chosen to avoid reality. Amanda continu each(prenominal)y attempts to live in the past times. Lauras escape from the real earthly concern is her glass show and old phonograph records. Tom hides from the real world by going to the movies and getting drunk. Each character retreats to their separate world to escape the cruelties of life. Living in the past is Amandas way of escaping her pitiful express reality (Knorr). She never forgets to tell Laura and Tom about her receiving s correctteen gentlemen ph unitaryrs in Blue Mountain when she was girlish One Sunday afternoon-your mother received-seventeen-gentlemen callers Why, sometimes in that location werent enough chairs enough to accommodate them all (Williams 26). She talks about how all her admirers turned out and even though many became successful and could have been bankrupt choices, she had chos en their father. It seems that she wants her children to know that she was different before her husband left her. She wants them to know that she was a catch. The integrity remains that she had been economically dependent on her husband. Since her husband left her, her dependency transfers to her son Tom. She non only transferred her dependency to her son and her hopes for a gentleman caller to her daughter, but also her need of the past and her memories of the past. To Amanda, the past stands for the carefree life she led in Blue Mountain. This be actives Tom and Laura greatly. Tom despises this situation and cant stand creation at piazza. He goes to the movies and writes poetry to escape his home life and his disheartening job at the shoe factory. He believes that his home life and job affect his ... ...t forget her. Ironically, though the rainbows seemed to be positive signs, they all end in disappointment(Knorr). Even though Tom tries to escape his past, it remains with him for he is the one who tells the story of The Glass Menagerie. Though Amanda, Laura, and Jim are not real they are part of Toms memory which reveals his pain and suffering in his ironic and humorous tone. altogether of the characters escape their reality that never changes. Works Cited Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Ed. James Laughlin. New York New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1970. King, Thomas L. Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie. In Modern Critical Views Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987, 85-94. Knorr. bag page. http//www.susqu.edu/ac_depts/arts_sci/english/lharris/class/WILLIAMS/psy.htm The Theme of Escape in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie esThe Theme of Escape in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, Amanda, Laura, and Tom have chosen to avoid reality. Amanda continually attempts to live in the past. Lauras escape from the real wor ld is her glass collection and old phonograph records. Tom hides from the real world by going to the movies and getting drunk. Each character retreats to their separate world to escape the cruelties of life. Living in the past is Amandas way of escaping her pitiful present reality (Knorr). She never forgets to tell Laura and Tom about her receiving seventeen gentlemen callers in Blue Mountain when she was young One Sunday afternoon-your mother received-seventeen-gentlemen callers Why, sometimes there werent enough chairs enough to accommodate them all (Williams 26). She talks about how all her admirers turned out and even though many became successful and could have been better choices, she had chosen their father. It seems that she wants her children to know that she was different before her husband left her. She wants them to know that she was a catch. The truth remains that she had been economically dependent on her husband. Since her husband left her, her dependency transfers to her son Tom. She not only transferred her dependency to her son and her hopes for a gentleman caller to her daughter, but also her need of the past and her memories of the past. To Amanda, the past stands for the carefree life she led in Blue Mountain. This affects Tom and Laura greatly. Tom despises this situation and cant stand being at home. He goes to the movies and writes poetry to escape his home life and his disheartening job at the shoe factory. He believes that his home life and job affect his ... ...t forget her. Ironically, though the rainbows seemed to be positive signs, they all end in disappointment(Knorr). Even though Tom tries to escape his past, it remains with him for he is the one who tells the story of The Glass Menagerie. Though Amanda, Laura, and Jim are not real they are part of Toms memory which reveals his pain and suffering in his ironic and humorous tone. All of the characters escape their reality that never changes. Works Cited Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. Ed. James Laughlin. New York New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1970. King, Thomas L. Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie. In Modern Critical Views Tennessee Williams. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987, 85-94. Knorr. Home page. http//www.susqu.edu/ac_depts/arts_sci/english/lharris/class/WILLIAMS/psy.htm

The Death of Communism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Death of Communism The United States longest and bloodiest war was the Vietnam War, which was fought from 1959 until 1975.(Communist Manifesto 1) In this war 57,685 Americans were killed, and their were over 2 one million million Vietnamese deaths.(Communist Manifesto 3) One of the main causes of the war was a commonly held American belief called the Domino Theory. This theory stated that if the U.S. allowed one country to reconcile to communism, those around it would fall, and then those around it, eventually taking over the whole world. However, the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 allows to approach communism in a new light. The Communist Manifesto has three sections. The first is an egressline of the history of the materialistic and the proletariat, and a explanation on how the bourgeois will bring close to their defeat. The second section shows the framework of the communist goals, and their long range plan to abolish private property. The last section criticizes other socialist attempts at the time, life history all workers to unite under communism. The bourgeois Marx speaks of in the manifesto is simply the capitalist of the time. The proletariat are the workers of the world, people who, according to Marx, have become an appendage of the machine.(Marx 3) Marx speaks of their direful fate saying they are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker, and, above all, by the individual bourgeois manufacturer himself.(Marx 3) Marx documents the stages of the proletariats defend with the bourgeois at first the contest is carried on by individual laborers, then by the workpeople of a factory, then the operatives of one trade, in one locality, against the bourgeois that directly exploits them.(Marx 4) Marx tells ho... ...e Vietnam war rages on. Bloodshed and military advances ground to a halt decades ago, but the real battle lies in creating a Vietnam that can lift itself out of poverty. The war succeeded more in pushing the country deeper into communism than pulling it out. But the outcome is a forgone conclusion an ideology that no longer fits with the multiplication will not stand. Ask Mother Russia. Works Cited Communist Manifesto, Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) kick back & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. http //leftside.uwc.ac.za/Archives/1848-CM/cm.html (25 June 1997). Vietnam War, Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved.

Breast Feeding is Best Essay -- breast-feeding

ArgumentativeBreast is BestIf one chooses to have a baby, shouldnt he or she be obligated to do what is best for that chela? There are many important choices to make for that child, and some may be more difficult than others. Hospital or home birth? Pampers or Huggies? Crib or family bed? But when it comes to nutrition, the choice is clear. Breast-feeding is the best choice that mothers can make for themselves and their child.Not everyone agrees that breast-feeding is the best choice. Some argue that nursing bottle feeding is democratic and gives other members of the family a chance to feed the baby. I agree that family members need a chance to experience the thrill of nourishing the new life, only when giving the child a bottle of formula is not necessary. Mothers can express breast milk and put it into a bottle when other family members want to feed the child.Most new mothers are eager to get back to their pre-pregnancy weight. Some may choose to formula feed so that they can stop eating for two and maybe even diet, things which are impossible for a nursing mother. On the other hand, a women who is producing milk uses amongst 1,000 and 3,500 calories per day more than at other times in her life (Lim 63). With each(prenominal) of the extra calories burned, she may not need to diet at all to reach her desired weight (Eisenberg, Murkoff, and Hathaway 7).A new mother may choose to bottle feed because she wants to monitor intake and make sure that her child is getting e...

John Smith Essay -- essays research papers

trick Smith is one of the most famous people in American literature history. He was a dedicated man to his boorish of England, and wanted nothing more than to claim America in the name of the king. During his adventures to the new land he encountered many new things and people including a four-year-old Native American woman named Pocahontas. He also wrote many journals enticing people to want to come to America. This shall tell you the story of John Smith from his journeys as a young man all the way to when he finally came to America, and how his writings still influence people to immigrate to America still today. John Smith was born in Lincolnshire, England to a farmer and his wife in 1580. He only had a grammar school education, but with this education he was up to(p) to join the British volunteers fighting in the Dutch war of independence from Spain. While in the military, he was captured by the Turks and sold as a slave. He eventually escaped and came back to his mother land of Great Britain in 1605. He then became interested in settling Virginia in the new world. The quest year, Smith sailed to Virginia with the Virginia Companys first colonist as one of seven councilors. This was the first of many voyages to the new world for him. Smith spent ofttimes time exploring the land. By this time, the governor of Jamestown was executed for treason and Smith was then elected president of Jamestown colony. He then began building houses, churches, and fortifications. He also had a policy th...

Martin Luther King :: essays research papers

How Did Martin Luther Challenge Loyalty To The Roman Catholic ChurchIn our society today, it is ruled with a firm hand. Similar aspects of our modern society and how our society was. Back then in the early fifteen - hundreds were similar. Such as today the public has the right to free speech and to build and choose a strong democracy, and a responsible loyal leader. The people in our carriage want to seek independence and live their own life from the ruler. In a unique way, all things have a ruler for instance the perform in our case for Catholics, Pope John Paul is the Catholic religion ruler and as it was back in the fifteen-Hundreds, a man named Martin Luther became an important ruler. In the year of fifteen-seventeen, a German monk named Martin Luther wrote a reformation that changed the life of the Roman Catholic Church.Martin Luther was born in Eisleben on November 10,1483 (Beers, Burton page 246). Luthers family was peasants simply still being peasants they were wealthy. L uther was survived by his father Hans Luther his occupation was a copper miner(Flowers page 27). When Luther got older, his father sent him out to study law at the University of Wittenburg non interested in the idea of law school, Luther dropped the class sold his learning books and left school. After Luther left school he later joined a monastery. The reason why Luther decided to join a monastery was one night, temporary hookup walking home a storm began to brew from up above while not taking shelter, lightning struck Luther and in fear Luther cried Saint Anne, help me For I will become a monk(Beers page 247). Being accredited to his words Luther joined a monastery where he taught Bible studies and studied theology in order to become a professor. His friends and family were shocked by his actions. While in training Luther began to believe that a persons sin cannot be removed by just doing good deeds but to have religion in god. With Luthers beliefs he then accuses the selling of indulgences or the removal of sin after death in purgatory through money which was made by the church. That is one way Luther is loyal to the church but in this case Luther can do the opposite.Luther challenges loyalty against the church by composing ninety-five questions for arguments against the

Capital Punishment :: social issues

Capital PunishmentIn the past, people put on invariably felt that if they had been wronged in some way, it was his or her right to control vengeance on the person that had wronged them. This mentality still exists, thus far today, but in a lesser form because the law has now outlined a persons rights and developed penalisations that conform to those rights, yet allow for the retribution for their crime. However, some feel that those laws and punishments are too lax and crooks of today take advantage of them, ie. organized crime, wholesome-educated very well that the punishments for their crime, whether it be murder, theft, or any other number of criminal activities, will be so negligible that it may be well worth their risk. Although in the past, the number of crimes that were subjected to not bad(p) punishment, defined simply as the remnant penalty for a crime, were outrageous. Amendments were made to reflect the changes in the societys views on the worship of capital puni shment. That resulted in the narrowing pop of the list of one hundred crimes to twelve, punishable by the death penalty in 1833, and in 1869 it was cut down yet again to just three treason, rape, and murder because of violent nature of these crimes. These crimes, even today, are still viewed as violent and should be punished with the highest academic degree of discipline available to achieve justice. After much public pressure, capital punishment was suspended on a trial run in 1967. This prove to be ineffective, because even though the law stipulated that crimes such as treason or the murder of law enforcement agents, were still to be subjected to the death penalty, the federal footlocker continued to commute those criminals from death to life sentences, hence the law was not macrocosm followed and justice was not being served. This soon was followed with capital punishments abolishment in 1976, as a formal declaration of what was already happening or quite an what was not happening. It is felt that because of this and the fact that there has not been an execution since 1967, that todays period form of punishments are no longer a sufficient deterrent for such serious crimes and have contributed to a ever rising crime rate. So, this is where the real issue of whether or not capital punishment should exist begins and such a controversial issue could be best understood if we looked at capital punishment in a perspective of how it fulfils or does not fulfil societys ideas Capital Punishment social issuesCapital PunishmentIn the past, people have invariably felt that if they had been wronged in some way, it was his or her right to take vengeance on the person that had wronged them. This mentality still exists, even today, but in a lesser form because the law has now outlined a persons rights and developed punishments that conform to those rights, yet allow for the retribution for their crime. However, some feel that those laws and punishments are too l ax and criminals of today take advantage of them, ie. organized crime, knowing very well that the punishments for their crime, whether it be murder, theft, or any other number of criminal activities, will be so negligible that it may be well worth their risk. Although in the past, the number of crimes that were subjected to capital punishment, defined simply as the death penalty for a crime, were outrageous. Amendments were made to reflect the changes in the societys views on the morality of capital punishment. That resulted in the narrowing down of the list of one hundred crimes to twelve, punishable by the death penalty in 1833, and in 1869 it was cut down yet again to just three treason, rape, and murder because of violent nature of these crimes. These crimes, even today, are still viewed as violent and should be punished with the highest degree of discipline available to achieve justice. After much public pressure, capital punishment was suspended on a trial run in 1967. This pr oved to be ineffective, because even though the law stipulated that crimes such as treason or the murder of law enforcement agents, were still to be subjected to the death penalty, the federal cabinet continued to commute those criminals from death to life sentences, hence the law was not being followed and justice was not being served. This soon was followed with capital punishments abolishment in 1976, as a formal declaration of what was already happening or rather what was not happening. It is felt that because of this and the fact that there has not been an execution since 1967, that todays current form of punishments are no longer a sufficient deterrent for such serious crimes and have contributed to a ever rising crime rate. So, this is where the real issue of whether or not capital punishment should exist begins and such a controversial issue could be best understood if we looked at capital punishment in a perspective of how it fulfils or does not fulfil societys ideas

Capital Investment Decisions: the Case of Diamond Plc

great(p) Investment Decisions The example of Diamond PLC CONTENT PAGE PAGES 1. 1 Introduction 4 1. 2 Literature review.. 4-6 2. 1 Advantages and disadvantages of winnings Present Value 6-7 2. 2 Advantages and disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return. 7-8 2. General decrees.. 9-14 3. 1 Critical Analysis 15-17 4. 1 Conclusion 17-18 References 19-20 1. 1 Introduction This assignment is based on great investment conclusions the case of DiamondChemicals plc. A full of life analysis of this case study will examine the characteristics and concerns in the case study. This enquiry will discuss the use of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques known as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), which atomic number 18 the two most popular and primal techniques in investment findings. Although these two techniques are closely-related, they have fundamental discriminations between apiece other. The IRR is the deduction roam that halts the present esteem of a future stream of cash menstruations equal to the initial investment(s). Arnold 2008. Whereas, NPV is the difference between a projects value and its cost Breadley, Myers and Allen, 2006. 1. 2 Literature Review Three research articles will be reviewed focusing on the performances of NPV and IRR relating to real cases in investment evaluation. Do managers of South African manufacturing firms make optimal detonating device investment decisions? E. Gilbert, 2003. The purpose of the study was to investigate outstanding budgeting deportment of firms in South Africa.It reveals that majority of manufacturing firms use tho the NPV technique when evaluating their slap-up investment projects, and of the DCF techniques used, the NPV technique is used more often than the IRR. Research shows that manufacturing firms adjust the discount rate used in their NPV calculations to incorporate the project specific try according to the results of this research, majority of firms do this. It c onstrues that the majority of firms use only the NPV technique when evaluating their capital investment projects (i. e. no other techniques are used at only).However, on medium, the IRR technique is used more often than NPV (48% versus 47%). Nevertheless, in summary, the study suggests that manufacturing firms in South Africa deviate from the behaviour prescribed by corporate finance theory because they do non use NPV in isolation with projects specific risk adjusted discount rates when evaluating capital investment projects. The next article titled Capital budgeting practices in the US. Forest product industry A recapitulation L. S. Hogaboam and S. R. Shook, 2004. This study observed the capital investment practices of publicly owned forest roduct firms in the U. S. in 2001by replicating research reported by Cubbage and Redmond in 1985. In this research Baile et al (1979) conducted a survey and case study of capital budgeting in the forest products industry and found that most forest products companies had formal budgeting systems, but these companies lacked acquit audit procedures, did not account for risk and utilized primitive risk adjustment methods. The researchers correlated the use of NPV and IRR to the size of the firm, finding that firms that had smaller gross sales revenue primarily used payback geological period for their projects.Nine firms ranked NPV either first or second in evaluation criteria importance, whereas IRR was considered most important evaluation criteria in the Idaho survey mutual exclusive projects. Financial literature indicates NPV is best for capital rationing, and 7/15 of firms indicated that IRR was their primary choice in case of rationing. This survey specifies that the IRR technique is most popular for the evaluation of mutually exclusive projects, even though most financial literature considers it to be inaccurate when compared to NPV.The 3rd article Capital Budgeting Practices A Survey in the Firms in Cyprus inve stigates 1. the methods used by the Cyprus companies to evaluate investments, and 2. the approach adopted to handle important estimation problems inwrought to the use of these methods. It was found that 54. 43% of projects evaluation is done by means of a simplified evaluation technique and that 36. 71% of the companies use the payback period technique. Among the methods that take into account the time value of money concept, the NPV method is the one most companies prefer, and only 8. 86% of them use IRR.In this study Hatfield, Horvath, and Webster (1998) investigated the importance of payback, average rate of return, IRR, and NPV capital budgeting techniques for the performance and value measures of firms. They found that firms analyzing all projects have higher share prices on average. They in like manner found, in contrast to the theory of finance, that the NPV technique is not maximizing the value of the firm. Their results indicated that it is best not to rely on any single capital budgeting technique but instead to apply all of them or as many of them possible for a project evaluation. 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Net Present Value (NPV) NPV is a very popular method of project judgement starting with the advantages According to Pike and Neale (2006), the NPV design accepts all investments offering positive NPVs when discounted at the equivalent commercialize rate of interest. This results in an increase in the market value of the firm and thus the increase of the shareholders stake in the firm. NPV takes into account the time value of money It recognises that ? 1 today is great than ? 1 tomorrow Breadley, Myers and Allen explain that it is because today can be invested to start earning interest immediately.They also argue that NPV rule allows thousands of shareholders who may have vastly polar levels of wealth and attitudes toward risk to participate in the same enterprise and to delegate its operations to a professional manager. One of t he rules of Capital budgeting demands that managers be able to consider one project independently of all others this is known as the value-additivity principle, it implies that the value of the firm is equal the sum of the values of each of its projects. Copeland, Weston and Shastri (2005).Arnold states that NPV finds out not only which project gives a positive return, but which one gives the greater positive return and that one of the major elements that leads to the theoretical dominance of NPV is that it takes into account the scale of investments. NPV is a superior technique to IRR because it has fewer limitations. Those limitations include the fact that both in bunks and outflows are measured in form of present dollars, not as per centimeage, many concourse find it complicated to work with a dollar return rather than a percentage return.Another limitation would have to be the requirement of an venture of the cost of capital to be able to calculate the NPV. William Megginso n considered that financial managers find it hard to use NPV because it does not measure benefits relative to the amount invested. Though the NPV formula is constructive in evaluation of investment opportunities, the work at is not faultless. 2. 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Financial managers prefer IRR because it is attributable to the general isposition of melodic line people toward rates of return rather than actual dollars as interest rates, probability and so on are most often expressed as annual rates of return, making it an advantage of this technique. The calculations of IRR is an advantage, meaning the fact that IRR is simply the discount rate that make the NPV equals to Zero is important because it tells us how to calculate the returns on more complicated investments (Ross, Westerfield, Jordan 2006). IRR indicates the rate of return receivable when money is put into a project.Arnold (2008) acknowledges that IRR describes how much the cash inflows exceed the cash outflows on an annualised percentage basis, taking into account of the timing of those cash flows. Like NPV, IRR also has the advantage of being a time-adjusted measure of profitability. Financial Theory and Corporate Policy by Ross, Westerfield and Jordan recognises that the IRR rule errs in several ways. It does not obey the value-additivity principle, and consequently managers who use the IRR cannot consider projects independently of each other.Second, the IRR rule assumes that funds invested in projects have opportunity cost equal to the IRR for the project. This implicit reinvestment rate assumption violates the requirement that cash flow be discounted at the market-determined opportunity cost of capital. Finally, IRR rule can lead to multiplex rates of return whenever the sign of cash flow changes more than once. may give the wrong ranking of mutually exclusive projects that differ in economical life or in scale or required investment. 2. 3 Ge neral Formulas for Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR)Net Present Value (NPV) formula Where CF0 = cash flow at time zero (t0), and CF1 = cash flow at the time one (t 1), one year after time zero. The decision rules for net present value are NPVpic0 Accept NPV 0 Reject Formula applied to cash flow suggested by Frank Greystock Year Cash flow (? m) Discounted cash flow (? m) 0 -9 -9 1 1. 4 ? 1. 27 2 2. 66 ? 2. 0 3 3. 09 ? 2. 32 4 3. 06 ? 2. 09 5 3. 02 ? 1. 88 6 2. 49 ? 1. 41 7 2. 47 ? 1. 27 8 2. 45 ? 1. 14 9 2. 43 ? 1. 03 10 2. 1 ? 0. 93 11 1. 68 ? 0. 59 12 1. 68 ? 0. 54 13 1. 68 ? 0. 49 14 1. 68 ? 0. 44 15 1. 68 ? 0. 40 Total (NPV) ? 9. 00 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) formulaThe internal rate of return, r, is the discount rate at which the net present value is zero. It is the value for r which makes the following equation hold Formula applied to cash flow suggested by Frank Greystock The following tables show the percentages utilized for th e run and error phase, in order to produce an NPV of zero. Table 1 per year Cash Flows (? ) Discounted Cash Flow (? m) Intervals 0 -9. 00 -9. 00000 1 1. 40 1. 11111 2 2. 66 1. 67549 3 3. 9 1. 54471 4 3. 06 1. 21406 5 3. 02 0. 95094 6 2. 49 0. 62227 7 2. 47 0. 48990 8 2. 45 0. 8566 9 2. 43 0. 30358 10 2. 41 0. 23895 11 1. 68 0. 13220 12 1. 68 0. 10492 13 1. 68 0. 08327 14 1. 8 0. 06609 15 1. 68 0. 05245 26% Net Present Value (? m) -0. 02441 Table 2 Yearly Cash Flows (? m) Discounted Cash Flow (? ) Intervals 0 -9. 00 -9. 00000 1 1. 40 1. 12000 2 2. 66 1. 70240 3 3. 09 1. 8208 4 3. 06 1. 25338 5 3. 02 0. 98959 6 2. 49 0. 65274 7 2. 47 0. 51800 8 2. 45 0. 41104 9 2. 43 0. 2615 10 2. 41 0. 25877 11 1. 68 0. 14431 12 1. 68 0. 11545 13 1. 68 0. 09236 14 1. 68 0. 07389 15 1. 68 0. 5911 25% Net Present Value (? m) 0. 29926 Table 3 Yearly Cash Flows (? m) Discounted Cash Flow (? m ) Intervals 0 -9. 00 -9. 0000 1 1. 40 1. 07692 2 2. 66 1. 57396 3 3. 09 1. 40646 4 3. 06 1. 07139 5 3. 02 0. 81337 6 2. 49 0. 1587 7 2. 47 0. 39363 8 2. 45 0. 30034 9 2. 43 0. 22915 10 2. 41 0. 17482 11 1. 68 0. 09374 12 1. 68 0. 7211 13 1. 68 0. 05547 14 1. 68 0. 04267 15 1. 68 0. 03282 30% Net Present Value (? m) -1. 14726 Yearly Cash Flows (? ) Discounted Cash Flow (? m) Intervals 0 -9. 00 -9. 00000 1 1. 40 1. 09375 2 2. 66 1. 62354 3 3. 9 1. 47343 4 3. 06 1. 13994 5 3. 02 0. 87894 6 2. 49 0. 56616 7 2. 47 0. 43876 8 2. 45 0. 34001 9 2. 43 0. 6346 10 2. 41 0. 20413 11 1. 68 0. 11117 12 1. 68 0. 08685 13 1. 68 0. 06785 14 1. 68 0. 05301 15 1. 68 0. 4142 28% Net Present Value (? m) -0. 61758 Interpolation illustrates that there is a yield rate (r) which lie between 25 per cent and 26 per cent which will produce an NPV of zero. The way to find that discount rate is to first find the di stance between points A and B as a proportion of the entire distance between points A and C. 3. 1 Critical Analysis Greystock included in the first year of his forecast introductory engineering costs of ? 00,000, which had been spent over the preceding nine months on efficiency and design studies of the renovation. The preliminary costs of ? 500,000 were ir applicable because it would not have been incurred if not for the possibility of Greystock going ahead with the renovation therefore it was a sunk cost. The development cost of ? 500,000 should be ignore because they are bygones and are of the past as it was incurred nine months before and does not need to be added into the cash flow. The corporate manual stipulated that overhead costs be reflected in project analyses at the rate of 3. % times the book value of assets acquired in the project per year. According to Arnold (2008), not all overhead costs are incremental when trying to task the viability of a project only the inc remental costs are incurred by going ahead are relevant. Those cost which are unaffected therefore irrelevant. consequence that the capital projects which should reflect an annual pre-tax charge amounting to 3. 5% of the value of the initial asset investment for the project it should be entered in the incremental cash flow because it is an irrelevant overhead cost.Rotterdam sales are producing negative results due to the decision made by Greystock to shift capacity to Rotterdam away from Merseyside. His new business decision is having a negative effect on Rotterdam because all the expenditure is coming from Merseyside as he has decided to renovate it, cannibalizing Rotterdam. Even the director of sales value there was oversupply in the works, which means that too much is being supplied for the project. In view of adjustment of cash flow must be consistent with inflation forecast imbedded in discount rate.The treasury staff was concerned because the project would impound a long-te rm inflation of 3% per year. The uncorrelated EPC project is not relevant as it would only increase prices when recession ended despite the ? 1 million pound renovation the criterion is that each individual investment promises an IRR greater than 10%, not that multiple projects promise an average return above this hurdle. Before submitting a project for senior caution, at least three performance hurdles had to be met in order for proposal to be considered. -Impact on earnings per share = ? 0. 018 -Payback = 3. years -Discounted cash flow (NPV) = ? 9 Million Although the Merseyside project met all the criteria, Morris should have considered dividing the proposal into requires and desire expenditure ( relating to April Novelties). Concerns and characteristics Merseyside The main concern for Merseyside is the old production adjoin and how it is not unbroken at times, and it has a higher labour content than its competitors newer plants. However, regardless of these limitations the Merseyside plant has many good characteristics such as Receiving positive cash flows immediately higher(prenominal) cash flows in the beginning Relatively short payback period Concerns and characteristics Rotterdam The lack of flexibility and commitment to plant project are concerns for the Rotterdam plant as it is not being renovated and we remain unsure as to whether Greystock will take on the project of renovation at Rotterdam. On the other hand, the fact that the polymerisation process has become continuous is major strength, and also that the payment schedule is flexible (over four year period). In addition the Japanese technology has turn out to be successful in Japan. . 1 Conclusion This assignment has summarized the Case study while emphasizing important details of the concerns and characteristics of the Merseyside and Rotterdam plant. Opportunities such as fine-tune value and Use of right of way can enable Rotterdam to develop positively, despite German technology p osing as a menace and also losing right of way. Overall the Merseyside plant offers numerous opportunities to increase outputs and lower costs, while also increasing competitiveness for their competitors.Nevertheless Merseyside faces a very big threat where they would have to close for 45 days causing their customers to buy from their competitors, although the lost market share can still be regained. The investment appraisal process requires the use of sophisticated evaluation techniques such as Net present value (NPV) and Internal rate of return (IRR). These techniques help ensure that all relevant cost and other factors have been considered. The calculations of NPV and IRR are quite challenging, especially regarding the trial and error method IRR.The calculations to obtain NPV=0- was time consuming and more than twice as long as the NPV method. If risk adjustment is made through the discount rate there may be more than one cost of capital and the sponsor then has to classify the project into say high or medium or low risk categories etc. Finally, it can be argued that the process of capital budgeting is a time-waster because the fundamental information used is seen to be undependable. As the estimates of cash proceeds are just guesses and that the use of anything other than the easiest technique of capital budgeting is as unsuccessful as making use of any complicated formulas.For example, in 1974 K. Larry Hastie published his classic paper, One Businessmans View of Capital Budgeting. His position is that firms should avoid excessively complex measurement techniques. He states Investmentdecision makingcould be improved significantly if the emphasis were placed on asking the appropriate strategic questions and providing better assumptions rather than on increasing the sophistication of measurement techniques (1974, p. 36).This research establishes that NPV and IRR are two major investment decision methods, which gratifies the criteria for the accurate evalua tion of capital projects. REFERENCES Hogaboam, L. S. , Shook, S. R. (December 2004) Capital Budgeting practices in the U. S. forest product industry A reappraisal. Forest products journals. Gilbert E. (May 2003) Do managers of South African manufacturing firms make optimal capital investment decisions? Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town. Lazaridis T. L. October 2004) Capital Budgeting Practices A Survey in the Firms in Cyprus Journal of Small Business caution Richard A, Breadley, Stuart C. Myers, Franklin Allen (2008) Principles of Corporate finance 9th edition McGraw-Hill, London Richard Pike, Bill Neale (2005) Corporate finance and investment decisions of strategies 5th edition Financial time prentice hall doubting Thomas E. Copeland, J. Fred Weston, Kuldeep Shastri (2005) Fiancial theory and Corporate policy 4th edition Pearson Addison Wesley, London Megginson, William L. (1997) Corporate finance theory Addison WesleyStephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Bradford D. Jordan (2006) Coporate finance Fundamentals McGraw-Hill, London Glen Arnold (2008) Corporate financial management 4th edition Financial times prentice hall, England Investopedia (2010) Available at www. investopedia. com/study-guide/cfa-exam/level-1/corporate-finance/cfa13. asp Fao corporate document repository (1997) Chapter 6 Investment decision Capital budgeting Available at www. fao. org/docrep/w4343e/w4343e07. htm QFinance (2007) Available at www. qfinance. com/cash-flow-management-best-practice

Evaluate the Relative Importance of Domestic and Foreign Affairs in Shaping American Politics in the 1790’s

Evaluate the relative importance of domestic and foreign affairs in shaping American politics in the 1790s The American politics and policy were shaped by both domestic and foreign affairs during the 1790s, though most of the influence came from domestic affairs. During the run of electric chair Washington, doubting Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton faced off because of their opposing views of what the government should be like. Hamilton wanted to shape new policies that would improve the economy, but Jefferson felt that one moldiness adhere to anything that the constitution said strict construction compared to Hamiltons loose construction.Also, foreign affairs, such as new policies appearing due to the French variety and conflicts with Spain became a driving force for shaping American politics. It became very apparent that these affairs had been factors for Americas political success. When Washington was elected as the hot seat in the 1790s, Alexander Hamilton followed wi th him. He was soon an influence in most to all domestic affairs, and he used his role as Secretary of exchequer to put in place any plan that he felt was necessary, even if it was controversial.The positive of his plans were that they repaid the debt the United States had collected, but they caused great tension between the join and South. His plan to form a national bank did not sit well with the citizens in America, and it fared even worse with the government leaders. This event seems to be the shaping moment that began a split-party government. These two new parties that arose were the Federalist and the Jeffersonian Republicans.They each had different views concerning the Constitution the Federalist, like Alexander Hamilton, taking the loose construction, and the Jeffersonian Republicans, like Thomas Jefferson, taking the strict construction. The economic changes that were put into place by Hamilton caused many rebellions by the American citizens, and made the government lear n the most effective ways to enforce their power of them. This gave the government confidence in their ability to handle their people better than they had years earlier, and they were able to assert their dominance in former(a) forms.The United States domestic affairs escalated as more threatening foreign affairs were on the horizon. The beginning and duration of the French Revolution caused much rumpus in France, but it soon began to affect the United States as well. Tensions between France and America grew so much that war could very well be in the future. Jays treaty was an attempt to reconstruct the relationship between the two countries, but along with the XYZ affair, it was also unsuccessful and made the issues even worse. John Adams was in a flash President, and in trying to fix foreign and domestic affairs, institutionalized the Alien and Sedition Acts.This had a great affect on the on foreign and domestic affairs, because the government was now able to determine to posit ion of people in their society. This new act led to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which were domestic affairs that stated the nullification of such laws as the Alien and Sedition Acts was necessary and recommended because it was unconstitutional. The foreign affairs that were taking place between America and Spain were also affecting the politics in America. The accord of Sal Lorenzo gave America absolute enforcement of the boundaries and it gave them access to the Mississippi River.These foreign affairs helped to affect the American politics in that time, and for future generations. Foreign affairs such as policies coming about due to the French Revolution and a strained relationship with Spain affected the shaping of American politics, but domestic affairs seem to have affected them more. The conflicts between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton caused many changes in America that are notwithstanding in place today, and their conflicts are ones that our two parties still face. Though, the government has had much experience in dealing with these problems, and now they can be handled differently than they were in the past.

Credit Appraisal Process of Sbi

APJEM ArthPrabhandAJournalofEconomicsandManagement Vol. 2 turn out1,January2013,ISSN2278? 0629 CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS OF SBI A CASE breeding OF BRANCH OF SBI IN HISAR NANCY ARORA* DR. ARTI GAUR** MS. BABITA*** *Student, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa. **AssistantProfessor, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa. **Teaching Associate, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa. ABSTRACT credence risk is a risk related to non re recompensement of the credit obtained by the customer of a marge. Thus it is necessary to appraise the credibility of the customer in order to diminish the credit risk.Proper evaluation of the customer is performed this measures the monetary condition and the ability of the customer to repay back the contribute in future. Credit Appraisal is a address to ascertain the risks associated with the extension of the credit facility. It is generally carried by the pecuniary institutions which argon involved in providi ng financial funding to its customers. In this paper, we study the Credit stake Assessment Model of SBI Bank and to check the commercial, financial & technical viability of the externalize proposed & its funding pattern.Also to observe the movements to reduce various risk parameters which are broadly reason into financial risk, business risk, industrial risk and sufficement risk. The scope of the paper is restricted to branch of SBI in Hisar. PinnacleResearchJournals10 http//www. pinnaclejournals. com KEYWORDS Credit happen Assessment Model, Credit Appraisal, Technical Viability. _____________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Credit appraisal means an investigation/assessment done by the bank prior to begin with providing every loans & advances/project finance & also checks the commercial, financial & technical viability of the project proposed its funding pattern & further checks the primary & collateral security cover available f or retrieval of such funds. Credit Appraisal is a process to ascertain the risks associated with the extension of the credit facility. It is generally carried by the financial institutions which are involved in providing financial funding to its customers.BASIC TYPES OF CREDIT There are four basic types of credit. By understanding how each works, you will be able to get the most for your bullion and avoid paying unnecessary charges. APJEM ArthPrabhandAJournalofEconomicsandManagement Vol. 2Issue1,January2013,ISSN2278? 0629 1. Service credit is monthly payments for utilities such as telephone, gas, electricity, and water. You much have to pay a deposit, and you may pay a late charge if your payment is not on time. 2. Loans let you borrow cash. Loans can be for small or large amounts and for a few days or several years.Money can be repaid in one lump sum or in several regular payments until the amount you borrowed and the finance charges are paid in full. Loans can be secured or unse cured. 3. Installment credit may be described as buying on time, financing through the store or the easy payment plan. The borrower takes the goods home in alternate for a holler to pay later. Cars, major appliances, and furniture are often purchased this way. You usually sign a contract, make a down payment, and agree to pay the balance with a specified number of equal payments called installments. The finance charges are included in the payments.The item you purchase may be used as security for the loan. 4. Credit cards are issued by individual retail stores, banks, or businesses. Using a credit card can be the equivalent of an interest-free loanif you pay for the use of it in full at the end of each month. CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS Receipt of application from applicant Receipt of documents (Balance sheet, KYC papers, Different govt. adaption no. , MOA, AOA, and Properties documents) Pre-sanction visit by bank officers Check for RBI defaulters list, willful defaulters list, C IBIL data, ECGC caution list, etc. Title clearance reports of the properties to be obtained from empanelled advocates Valuation reports of the properties to be obtained from empanelled valuer/engineers readiness of financial data Proposal preparation Assessment of proposal Sanction/approval of proposal by appropriate sanctioning authority Documentations, agreements, mortgages Disbursement of loan PinnacleResearchJournals11 http//www. pinnaclejournals. com APJEM ArthPrabhandAJournalofEconomicsandManagement Vol. 2Issue1,January2013,ISSN2278? 0629 Post sanction activities such as receiving stock statements, go over of accounts, renew of accounts, etc (On regular basis) REVIEW OF LITERATURE Uwe (2005)13 analysed and further development of the building blocks of modern credit risk management Definitions of default Estimation of default probabilities Exposures retrieval Rates Pricing Concepts of portfolio dependence Time horizons for risk calculations Quantification of portfolio risk Estimation of risk measures Portfolio analysis and portfolio improvement Evaluation and comparison of credit risk models analytic portfolio loss distributions.Christian (2006)15 focused on the changing intensity of three policies that are commonly associated with financial repression, namely interest rate controls, statutory preemption and say credit as well as the effects these policies had. The main findings are that the layer of financial repression has steadily increased between 1960 and 1980, and then declined somewhat before rising to a new peak at the end of the 1980s. Since the start of the overall economic reforms in 1991, the level of financial repression has steadily declined.Despite the high degree of financial repression, no statistically significant negative effects on savings, capital formation and financial development could be established which is contrary to the predictions of the financial liberalization hypothesis. Arnoud and Anjan (2007)17 study appear a s the lead chapter in a readings book on corporate finance, financial intermediation and market micro structure. The unifying(a) theme in the book is optimal design, and various chapters deal with the design of contracts, securities, institutions, market mechanisms, and regulation from an information-theoretic perspective.Each chapter in the book is an original review article that seeks to synthesize the literature in a given area. Six topics are covered design of contracts and securities market microstructure credit market implications of bank size, scope and structure bank regulation and finally the interaction between interbank competition, regulation and banking stability. Gary (2009)28 examined that the shadow banking system at the heart of the current credit crisis is, in fact, a real banking system and is compromising to a banking panic.Indeed, the events starting in August 2007 are a banking panic. A banking panic is a systemic event because the banking system cannot de light in its obligations and is insolvent. Un wish the historical banking panics of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the current banking panic is a wholesale panic, not a retail panic. In the earlier episodes, depositors ran to their banks and demanded cash in exchange for their checking accounts. Unable to flirt those demands, the banking system became insolvent.The current panic involved financial firms running on other financial firms by not renewing sale and purchase agreements (repo) or increasing the repo margin (haircut), forcing massive leveraging, and resulting in the banking system being insolvent. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The present paper is a case study which is restricted to branch of SBI in Hisar. The objective of research paper is to study the Credit Risk Assessment Model of SBI Bank and to check the commercial, financial & technical viability of the project proposed & its funding pattern. To observe the movements to reduce various risk parameters which are broadly categorized intoPinnacleResearchJournals12 http//www. pinnaclejournals. com APJEM ArthPrabhandAJournalofEconomicsandManagement Vol. 2Issue1,January2013,ISSN2278? 0629 financial risk, business risk, industrial risk & management risk. For the purpose, the secondary data is collected through the Books & magazines, Database at SBI, Websites, E-circulars of SBI. DATA ANALYSIS A) CREDIT run a risk ASSESSMENT & APPRAISAL PROCESS OF SBI CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT RISK Risk is inability or unwillingness of borrower-customer or counter-party to meet their repayment obligations/ honor their commitments, as per the stipulated terms.LENDER TASK Identify the risk factors, and Mitigate the risk RISK ARISE IN CREDIT In the business world, Risk arises out of Deficiencies / lapses on the part of the management (Internal factor) Uncertainties in the business environment (External factor) Uncertainties in the industrial environment (External factor) Weakness in the financial position (Internal facto r) TO PUT IN other WAY, SUCCESS FACTORS BEHIND A BUSINESS ARE PinnacleResearchJournals13 http//www. pinnaclejournals. om Managerial ability Favorable business environment Favorable industrial environment Adequate financial strength CREDIT & RISK Go hand in hand. They are like twin brothers. They can be compared to deuce sides of the same coin. APJEM ArthPrabhandAJournalofEconomicsandManagement Vol. 2Issue1,January2013,ISSN2278? 0629 All credit proposals have some inherent risks, excepting the almost negligible mint of lending against liquid collaterals with adequate margin.LENDING DESPITE RISKS So, risk should not deter a Banker from lending. A bankers task is to identify/ assess the risk factors/ parameters & manage / mitigate them on a continuous basis. But its always prudent to have some idea about the degree of risk associated with both credit proposal. The banker has to take a calculated risk, based on risk-absorption/ risk-hedging capacity & risk-mitigation tec hniques of the Bank. CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT (CRA) MINIMUM SCORES / HURDLE RATES 1.The CRA models adoptive by the Bank take into account all possible factors which go into appraising the risks associated with a loan. These have been categorized broadly into financial, business, industrial & management risks and are rated separately. To arrive at the overall risk rating, the factors duly weighted are nubd & calibrated to arrive at a single point indication of risk associated with the credit decision. 2. FINANCIAL PARAMETERS The assessment of financial risk involves appraisal of the financial strength of the borrower based on performance & financial indicators.The overall financial risk is assessed in terms of static ratios, future prospects & risk mitigation (collateral security / financial standing). PinnacleResearchJournals14 http//www. pinnaclejournals. com 3. INDUSTRY PARAMETERS The following characteristics of an fabrication which pose varying degrees of risk are built into B anks CRA model Competition Industry outlook Regulatory risk Contemporary issues like WTO etc. 4. MANAGEMENT PARAMETERS The management of an enterprise / group is rated on the following parameters Integrity (corporate governance) Track recordAPJEM ArthPrabhandAJournalofEconomicsandManagement Vol. 2Issue1,January2013,ISSN2278? 0629 Managerial competence / commitment Expertise Structure & systems Experience in the industry Credibility ability to meet sales projections Credibility ability to meet profit (PAT) projections Payment record Strategic initiatives Length of relationship with the Bank 5. The risk parameters as mentioned above are individually scored to arrive at an aggregate score of 100 (subject to qualitative factors negative parameters).The overall score thus obtained (out of a max. of 100) is rated on a 8 point scale from SB1/SBTL1 to SB 8 /SBTL8. SALIENT FEATURES OF CRA MODELS (A) TYPE OF MODELS S. No. (i) (ii) Exposure Level (FB + NFB Limits ) Over Rs. 5 . 00 crore Rs 0. 25 crore to Rs. 5. 00 crore Non avocation Sector (C&I , SSI , AGL) Regular Model Simplified Model Trading Sector ( Trade & Services) Regular Model Simplified Model PinnacleResearchJournals15 http//www. pinnaclejournals. com

Analyzing John Lennon’s “Imagine”

Were All Dreamers Imagination comes about in dreams and requires the willpower to make them real. In the song, Imagine, John Lennon pretty instigates everyone to visualize his vision of his imagination. Throughout the song he states how different the world would be, in lack of killing, material possessions, greed, hunger, etc. , thus leading us to virtu each(prenominal)y, an unrealistic, that ideal world. The word compute, just that one word, can lead the complex mind to many notions. What he left behind was the utopian imagination we all share that still exists in a million brains refusing to be silenced. (World Socialist Movement) Imagine theres no heaven, its easy if you try, no hell under us, above us only sky, imagine all the multitude living for today The first verse of this song, imagine theres no heaven, is al sayy thought raise enough. I think what he is trying to get across is the world would be a much better place without religion. The reason wherefore he states, i ts easy if you try is because the world is horrific and brutal and its not hard imagining the world without a heaven.Lennon erstwhile stated, If you can imagine a world at peace, with no denominations of religionnot without religion but without this my God-is-bigger-than-your-God thingthen it can be true the World Church called me once and asked, Can we use the lyrics to Imagine and just change it to Imagine one religion? That showed me they didnt understand it at all. It would defeat the whole purpose of the song, the whole idea. Lennon caused much affair just within the first 15 seconds of the song, considering religion is quite a touchy subject among many mess. I can positively see why this song triggered so much controversy. Imagine theres no countries, it isnt hard to do. Nothing to kill or die for, and no religion too. Imagine all the people living life in peace Here again Lennon speaks upon religion. The true inspiration for writing lyrics that captured that message of t ranquility and harmony came to Lennon after he read Grapefruit an inscription by his Japanese spouse Yoko Ono in which she speaks of the childhood experiences she had to live through during the course of the Second World War in her native land of Japan. (Writing A Writing) Onos book Grapefruit contains an array of poems, which I found very similar to the song Imagine.I think Lennon wrote that lyric, imagine theres no countries to state how he felt about war and religion. Without violence, the world would be uniformed. Within every verse Lennon shows how much effectiveness humanity has. The chorus of the song contains a lyric so relatable to al some everyone. You, you may say Im a dreamer, but Im not the only one. I hope someday youll uniting us, and the world will be as one. For the most part, everyone has imagined changing something or someone to resemble what they imagine flawless.Lennons dreams concern domain and world peace ultimately. Imagine no possessions, I wonder if you can, No need for greed or hunger, a brotherhood of man. Imagine all the people sharing all the world The first line of this section of this song is what really stuck out to me. Possessions mean everything to a large majority of people nowadays. For example, most people want the biggest and the best of everything. If there a new phone, TV, or car out, everyone needs to have it and sometimes the material possessions mean more to the person more than their own family.Another obstacle that keeps people at a distance is their lack of ability to see everyone as equals, but, if we somehow found a style to cut out our greed, possessions, and our pride we could create a world of equals. This song is ultimately the voice of optimism and more so hope for mankind and humanity. It is an example of what the in store(predicate) can be, if we, as the people can accomplish. Lennon wanted to show what we were doing to ourselves and that with perseverance and determination we could mold the wo rld and all nations into something we could be proud of.World peace is the of the essence(p) fixation Lennon is trying to get across during the whole song. You, you may say Im a dreamer, but Im not the only one. I hope someday youll join us, and the world will be as one. Thats what Lennon is ultimately trying to get across. Dont be afraid to dream and make a difference. Works Cited Imagine by John Lennon. World Socialist Movement. World Socialist Movement, 13 Aug 2006. Web. 31 Jan 2013. Why Did John Lennon Write Imagine. Writing A Writing. N. p. , 29 Sep 2010. Web. 28 Jan 2013. John Lennon. Imagine. Imagine. Mp3. EMI Records Ltd. 1971. Elryics. net. 2 Feb 2013.

Providing equal opportunity for employment Essay

RECRUITMENT GUIDECherns willing win equal opportunity for employment to all persons regardless of any inequality based race, color, sex, religion, origin, age or disability and will strive to achieve full and equal employment opportunity without its arrangement.Steps1)Identify Job openings through human resource planning/ strategic plan. Any Employee resignations/terminations could be helpful in identifying any sexual job openings.2) start position exigency by specifying job translation/ job specifications. Identify job duties and responsibilities in it keeping in mind essential functions of the job which ar critical for the position (minimum requirement or any preferred qualification).3) Develop the recruiting plan for posting period and placement goals and implement it.4) Post the position and build the diverse pool of application. Develop and use application forms- One type of application form that can be used to predict performance is a biographical information white- hot (BIB) also known as biodata form which is a detailed job application form requesting biographical data found to be predictive of achiever on the job, active the background, experiences, and preferences. Respond is the score. They are good as they are difficult to fake.5) Review application material and develop the short list.Recruiting from within the organization ( As Cherns believes in internal recruiting so they could use different internal recruiting methods like Job posting( Notifying current employees about Vacant positions. Alternatively, Skills inventories ensure that internal candidates are identified and considered for transfer or promotion when opportunities arise). Some of the outside recruiting sources could be employee referrals as employees get bonuses if they refer someone.Alternatively, contacting former employees someone who already has bailiwicked with a company and had better knowledge of its culture and expectations. Educational institutions and online r ecruiting are best when the budget is low. One of the priority could be to hire a more diverse group.6) Interview selected applicant- ask the only job-related questions, document selection process. The interview process is crucial. The approaches described below are simple, good practice and are relevant to the mass and minority candidates.* Develop questions based on the required and preferred skills and qualifications listed in the Job Description (JD). Candidates will respond differently based on work history, experience and skill level.* Be sure to ask the same set of core questions, listen carefully and allow candidates to respond adequately. Be prepared for candidates questions. The primary quill objective of the interview is to determine if the candidate can perform specific duties.* Take good notes during the meeting and immediately after, documenting the responses and job-related criteria.* Review duties and responsibilities of the job using the JD, various(prenominal) q ualifications, work history, relevant experience/training/educational background, vocation goals, travel requirements, equipment used and facilities, hours required, attendance requirements, performance expectations, any on-the-job training and staff exploitation opportunities.* Identify potential management candidates clearly on interview notes.7) Select finalist and verify job-related credentials- conducting reference gets8) Make contingent job offer- request background check and education verification.9) Close the notice of vacancy.10) Schedule and conduct new employee processing.B) INCREASE FAIRNESS PERCEPTIONWhen enlisting process is fair, and recruiters treat all applicants honestly and respectfully, it improves the chances of applicants judge an offer for the job. The recruitment process should be relevant to the job and be consistent across all applicants. Make sure hiring is done to fill a real vacancy. It should be easy for candidates to apply.Also, explain the recruit ment process to the applicant and give them the opportunity to show why they should be hired. Clear job description could help avoid discrimination of any sort. All applicants should be treated fairly throughout the selection and hiring process. High levels of fairness maintained throughout the recruitment process give Chern the best chance of recruiting top talent.Keep applicants informed of their progress or lack of progress through the process. Interviews should be conducted using standardized, authorize methods with all questions to be predetermined by management. According to Stan M. Gully and Jean M. Phillips, authors of Strategic Staffing, in that respect are three types of perceptions of fairness that applicants can feel related to a companys recruitment and selection process. These are distributive, procedural and interactional fairness. Distributive is similar to how fair an applicant feels the hiring or promotion system is. adjective refers to candidates beliefs that a companys policies and procedures that guide the hiring or promotion decision were fair. It Includes the screening tools, tests, interview process as it relates to personality or integrity tests. interactional fairness has to do with an applicants perception of treatment during the hiring process. If an applicant is no longer considered to be hired, they should be informed about is as in short as possible. Candidates feel important and create a convinced(p) image for those companies who follow them up on their applications and interview.When these things do not occur, the employer may find that there have been negative spillover effects as a consequence. When someone has a positive experience, he or she sorts others and view the organization in a positive light. The same is true with a negative experience. The issue is that when someone does have a negative experience, he or she is much more likely to tell others about the experience and to discontinue association with the company . A good recruiter should be open to giving as well as receiving feedback.When using internal or external recruiters, Chern should ensure that the recruiter possesses characteristics that support candidates having a positive experience. These include being familiar with the position as well as the company. A recruiter who cannot answer questions about the job they are recruiting for or the company appears incompetent to the applicant, and this image is then attached to the company as well. Active listening skills, enthusiasm, intelligence, and trustworthiness all polish well on the company.C and D) EMPLOYER BRANDCherns should define its mission and values that would flow through its employer branding communications.An ideal branding mission would be to inspire and influence others to connect with organizations core values. Like, Creating an surround where everyone feels welcome.Numerous methods could help in branding.Use of technologyDigital marketing could attract new applicants a s well engage and to retain the old one.Use of social media like facebook, twitter, and other sites helps the company to attract talent and reach masses.Employees who perform well and are there in the company from long can share their experiences through these sites or create their blog to let new candidates know what their experiences and success and disaster stories have been so far. It would help talent connect and understand companys culture. Photographs of any main events or about companys environment could also be posted to drive traffic and interaction. It provides clear view of the organization. Communicating the brand image to employees from recruitment, into orientation and throughout their time with Cherns will lead to the stronger brand image in the industry.It creates a positive image in their mind and makes them feel valued. What does company stand for should be listed on career page, known by all staff?Promote the family-oriented image the company holds with current employees and provide benefits that fit their needs will support the brand image. Having this firm rooted family oriented foundation is the structure that supports employee empowerment and provides evidence of how the company values their people. When employees can understand the direction of their employer, see evidence that the employer cares about their well-being, they provide the best word of mouth advertising.

How Does Orwell Explore the Theme of Education in ‘Animal Farm’?

How Does Or hygienic Explore The Theme Of Education In physical leaven? All animals ar equal scarce some animals are more equal than another(prenominal)wises. George Orwell writes this toward the end of his highly acclaimed allegory, Animal Farm. From this single statement we can tell quite a bit about Orwells views on education which he puts across strongly throughout the novel. A message I face that this statement portrays is that everyone has the adjust to an education but some people were getting a better education than others at the time.During this essay I will be arguing that George Orwell was unfavourable of the education system in 1945 (the year the book was written) and that he aired his views, hidden as they were, in many places through the book. One of the ways he used to put across his views was to use biblical references. Orwell was strongly anti-Christianity and he put this across in the novel partly through his reference to the records ten commandments by cr eating a list of rules that the animals must live by entitled The Seven Commandments. No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. The last two words were added by Squealer under the orders of Napoleon, adding their own twist on Old Majors archetype commandments thus tweaking them to their advantage. This was not the only commandment to be edited in fact all of them were but only slightly, just enough so the predates wouldnt be breaking any and so the other animals wouldnt notice. The pigs were able to use the fact that they were educated well as an advantage over the other animals in order to do what they liked and get away with it.The fact that Orwell used the commandments in this way, just that the pigs were changing them so regularly seemed to me rather irreverent of the Christian faith and when seen like this, Orwells religious views are blatantly obvious. From this part of the book I remembered being taught about priests in the Anglo-Saxon multiplication and how the y had been educated well before beginning their ministry. They would ask for cash from the innocent but fairly foolish and uneducated people worshipping or just see the church and the priests would say if they hand over the money, they would avoid purgatory and go straight to heaven.To these poor people, this seemed like the perfect solution for the problem and hand over their money is just what they did. This links in with the book in that the priests would use the fact that they were educated in their favour to brainwash these unknowing people just as the pigs did to the other animals in the book. Another element of education Orwell is critical of is the private education system. The pigs and dogs were educated respectively to the other animals.This brings in Karl Marxs ideas of phase and pecking order in society. Marxs writings formed the theoretical base for modern international communism, the idea of a programless society in which everyone is equal and postcode is privat ely owned. As we know Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian revolution in 1917 during which Joseph Stalin (portrayed in the novel as Napoleon) and Leon Trotsky (Snowball) fought for power after the sweep over of Tsar Nicholas II and the monarchy.When Stalin came to power and exiled Trotsky, he began to form the new Soviet Union around the basis of Marxs writings and the fact that the pigs and dogs were educated separately to the other animals shows that before Stalins seizure of power, class and hierarchy still remained in Russia. The pigs and dogs represent the nobles and government who were all seen as superior to the lower, working class citizens and were therefore privately educated.If there was to be equality amongst the animals on the farm, they should all have been treated exactly the same and this would mean they should be educated in the same way. However, this wasnt what happened and the pigs and dogs continued to see themselves as better than the other animals. Orwel l really wasnt a fan of the private education system, as I express at the beginning he wanted an education for everyone and the same education for everyone at that. Orwell continues to represent class on the farm through the grammatical case of packer. backpacker represents the lower, working class who were uneducated and inferior to the nobles and government, in this case the pigs and dogs. I will work harder. and Napoleon is always right. his mottos show just how loyal and hard-working he was. pugilist would work and work until he was at the point of collapsing and this is just what the working class of Russia would do, slaving away their today for a better tomorrow. Boxer is reveal in building the windmill, which represents change, the change that Boxer wants to bring to the farm through his hard work and determination.Boxer may have had all these credits but what Orwell uses Boxer to say is that no matter how physically strong you are, its nothing compared to knowledge an d mental strength. When Napoleon tells Boxer he is to retire after he collapsed whilst working, Boxer naively gets on the van that is not really to take him to where he will retire, but to the knackers yard to be killed. Even though Boxer was so driven and committed in what he did, he wasnt able to spot that Napoleon was tricking him because he wasnt nearly as well educated as Napoleon.So to cut a long story short, the fact that Boxer was poorly educated eventually lead to his demise. The pigs as we know by now, were the best educated but they gradually demoralise through the novel. All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. This excerpt for me epitomises the whole part the pigs play in the book in that the great advantage they once had over the other animals because they were educated had now just fashion plain ignorance. Orwell uses the pigs in Animal Farm to tell us not to let education go to our heads but to respect it and appreciate it.Not only this bu t Orwell also wanted to tell us through the pigs the dangers of power and to appreciate it also. The pigs wanted to look like they strived for equality, to look like they were doing things for the good of everyone when really everything they said and did was for the benefit of themselves. Almost all of the seven commandments had something to do with the importance of not letting the pigs ways snuff it human, which is exactly what had happened by the end of the book. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again but already it was impossible to say which was which. That the pigs had changed so much the other animals couldnt identify them amongst the humans is bonny shocking. One of the most important points of the whole ideology of Animalism (which allegorically speaking refers to communism) is that the animals should always remain animals and never adopt human characteristics like potable alcohol or sleeping in a bed and these rules were all layed out clearly in the seven commandments.In conclusion, George explores the theme of education in Animal Farm in many ways. He uses the allegory to refer to the different classes through different characters and how the classes were educated differently, some not at all. He uses Boxer to compare physical strength with mental strength and he also uses the pigs to warn us of the dangers of letting education ruin us and our morals. Animal Farm is a tragedy in my eyes the original ideology of Animalism gradually fell apart piece by piece until the pigs had practically become human.Its all well and good to have this great idea of a revolution to gain equality for animals but the pigs just couldnt see past themselves to carry out Old Majors plan and thats what makes this story so tragic. Orwell thought that everyone deserved an education, especially the working class but the people who actually got a good education just took it for granted and wasted it and I think thats the o verall point he tries to put across about education in the novel. Education is power but power corrupts. By James Lawrence, J7.